工作需要與人溝通，尤其是主管或經理級以上崗位的管理者，大部分工作時間都放在溝通上了。溝通能力是管理者的一項核心能力，管理者溝通水平決定著工作的效率和效果。如下管理溝通的三要素，是每一個(ge)管理者需要(yao)修煉并具備的。

　　管(guan)理溝通(tong)的要(yao)素一，溝通(tong)一定要(yao)有目標

　　溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)如果沒(mei)有目(mu)標或者溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)最終(zhong)沒(mei)有達(da)成目(mu)標，那么(me)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種無(wu)效的(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)。在(zai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)之前，我(wo)們(men)需要(yao)清楚溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)的(de)(de)目(mu)標：溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)傳達(da)某個信息，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)消除(chu)分歧(qi)，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單純(chun)地為(wei)(wei)了(le)增進感情(qing)？知道了(le)目(mu)標，我(wo)們(men)才能明(ming)確溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)的(de)(de)重點。

　　管理溝(gou)通(tong)的(de)要素二，溝(gou)通(tong)除了考(kao)慮(lv)要傳達的(de)內容(rong)之外，還要考(kao)慮(lv)溝(gou)通(tong)的(de)思想和情感(gan)

　　平(ping)時(shi)我(wo)(wo)們溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)比較注(zhu)重(zhong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)，但事實上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還(huan)(huan)包(bao)括思想(xiang)和情(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)。以(yi)我(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)為例，比如(ru)我(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)題(ti)是如(ru)何(he)提(ti)升(sheng)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，那(nei)么我(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)其實就是對群體進行溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)，我(wo)(wo)在課(ke)(ke)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)要(yao)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息是如(ru)何(he)提(ti)升(sheng)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)會(hui)告訴大家溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)要(yao)如(ru)何(he)去提(ti)升(sheng)，這(zhe)(zhe)是一種(zhong)信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)達。同時(shi)在這(zhe)(zhe)個傳(chuan)(chuan)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，也會(hui)體現(xian)出我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)與溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內容(rong)(rong)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)個人思想(xiang)，更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)在里面(mian)。比如(ru)我(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)說(shuo)話時(shi)非常興奮，大家就會(hui)被我(wo)(wo)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)高漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)情(qing)(qing)(qing)所(suo)感(gan)染，課(ke)(ke)堂氣氛就變(bian)得(de)活躍起來(lai)(lai)(lai)；反之，如(ru)果我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心情(qing)(qing)(qing)比較低沉，大家通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過我(wo)(wo)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語音(yin)語調(diao)感(gan)受(shou)到了，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)就會(hui)覺得(de)這(zhe)(zhe)堂課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)很壓抑，就一心盼望(wang)著(zhu)早點下(xia)課(ke)(ke)。所(suo)以(yi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)絕不只是內容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還(huan)(huan)包(bao)括思想(xiang)和情(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。8以(yi)前我(wo)(wo)們可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)覺得(de)很疑惑：我(wo)(wo)們寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)一份通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)為什么上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)要(yao)改(gai)(gai)(gai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)改(gai)(gai)(gai)去？通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)內容(rong)(rong)本身(shen)只是一個放(fang)假(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)而已，從信(xin)(xin)息傳(chuan)(chuan)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來(lai)(lai)(lai)講，只要(yao)放(fang)假(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間說(shuo)清楚(chu)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)了，為什么上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)還(huan)(huan)要(yao)改(gai)(gai)(gai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)改(gai)(gai)(gai)去呢？因(yin)為你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)假(jia)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)沒(mei)(mei)有把情(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)表達出來(lai)(lai)(lai)，沒(mei)(mei)有祝(zhu)大家節日快樂，也沒(mei)(mei)有去提(ti)醒(xing)大家節日期間要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)安全(quan)。當我(wo)(wo)們理解(jie)了溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義，就會(hui)理解(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)，不然你(ni)就會(hui)認為上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)修改(gai)(gai)(gai)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)很多余(yu)。

　　我(wo)(wo)們(men)常(chang)說，口(kou)頭的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)很(hen)容易理解且帶有情(qing)(qing)感(gan)，但其實書面(mian)的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也是帶有情(qing)(qing)感(gan)的：書面(mian)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)一句(ju)話怎樣去表(biao)達，用不同詞語(yu)會體現(xian)出不一樣的情(qing)(qing)感(gan)。所以(yi)，溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不僅僅只是把信息(xi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出來，把我(wo)(wo)們(men)要表(biao)達的內容溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出來，溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)還夾雜著(zhu)我(wo)(wo)們(men)的思想和情(qing)(qing)感(gan)。

　　管(guan)理溝通(tong)的(de)要素三(san)，溝通(tong)是(shi)達(da)成共同(tong)協議的(de)過程

　　溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)一定要達(da)成共同協議，否則就是(shi)單向(xiang)傳達(da)而(er)非溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，因為(wei)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)應該(gai)是(shi)雙向(xiang)過程(cheng)。你與(yu)人溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，不是(shi)說(shuo)你去告(gao)(gao)訴他就可(ke)以了，如(ru)果只是(shi)告(gao)(gao)訴一聲那叫“通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)”，而(er)我們和別人的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)最(zui)終要達(da)成一個共識。

　　很(hen)多時候(hou)你(ni)(ni)會(hui)發現(xian)，和別(bie)人(ren)說(shuo)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，別(bie)人(ren)并(bing)不(bu)照(zhao)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思去做，你(ni)(ni)會(hui)覺得(de)很(hen)生(sheng)氣：“我(wo)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)告(gao)訴過(guo)你(ni)(ni)了(le)嗎？”但(dan)對(dui)方沒(mei)有理(li)(li)(li)解，也沒(mei)有認(ren)可，不(bu)可能(neng)按照(zhao)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思去做，所以歸根(gen)到底，還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)你(ni)(ni)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)沒(mei)到位(wei)(wei)。比如很(hen)多企業推行績效管理(li)(li)(li)都(dou)達不(bu)到效果，原因就(jiu)出在(zai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)上。無(wu)(wu)論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做計劃(hua)、輔導，還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做考核、改進，都(dou)要有充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，和員工達成(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)協議，要讓員工理(li)(li)(li)解、認(ren)同(tong)、接受我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)法，這樣才能(neng)將績效管理(li)(li)(li)推行下(xia)去。這才叫真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)卡耐基(ji)說(shuo)：“所謂溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)步(bu)，每一個(ge)(ge)人(ren)都(dou)有他(ta)(ta)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，而與人(ren)交際則(ze)要求他(ta)(ta)與別(bie)人(ren)一致。”為(wei)什么(me)(me)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)會(hui)屢屢出現(xian)問題？因為(wei)我(wo)們(men)和別(bie)人(ren)無(wu)(wu)法做到同(tong)步(bu)。有一位(wei)(wei)同(tong)學對(dui)我(wo)說(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)很(hen)郁悶，他(ta)(ta)感覺他(ta)(ta)和下(xia)屬(shu)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)難同(tong)步(bu)，這其實(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。因為(wei)每個(ge)(ge)人(ren)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)，下(xia)屬(shu)站在(zai)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)、他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷(li)、他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)，他(ta)(ta)為(wei)什么(me)(me)不(bu)能(neng)與你(ni)(ni)同(tong)步(bu)？因為(wei)你(ni)(ni)們(men)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)沒(mei)有做好，你(ni)(ni)們(men)沒(mei)有在(zai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)中找到那個(ge)(ge)同(tong)頻(pin)共(gong)振的(de)(de)(de)(de)點，沒(mei)有達成(cheng)一致，而沒(mei)有達成(cheng)一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)叫溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，或(huo)者說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。

　　松下幸(xing)之助(zhu)有(you)句名言：“企(qi)業管(guan)理過(guo)去是(shi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，現在是(shi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，未來(lai)(lai)還是(shi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。”我們作(zuo)為HR、作(zuo)為管(guan)理者其(qi)實都很(hen)清楚溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性。有(you)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)總說他(ta)在人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)際(ji)關系方面處理不(bu)好；有(you)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)作(zuo)多年卻職(zhi)位不(bu)高(gao)、工(gong)資不(bu)高(gao)，你會發現他(ta)們與(yu)友人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)聚會比別人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)少(shao)。很(hen)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)做事(shi)總是(shi)失(shi)敗(bai)，即使很(hen)努力也不(bu)成功。這是(shi)什么原因(yin)呢？其(qi)實都是(shi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)問題，而溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)問題歸結起來(lai)(lai)主要(yao)是(shi)兩個：缺少(shao)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)不(bu)會溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。

　　缺少溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)你(ni)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)和(he)別人溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)者溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)頻率不(bu)(bu)夠高。為(wei)(wei)什(shen)么工(gong)作(zuo)中會(hui)有誤解？因為(wei)(wei)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)少，總是(shi)(shi)各(ge)忙各(ge)的(de)，互相之間溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)少了(le)，誤會(hui)自然就(jiu)(jiu)產生了(le)，再要(yao)去(qu)達成共(gong)識就(jiu)(jiu)變得(de)(de)困難(nan)。比如我們和(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)之間，很多時(shi)候你(ni)不(bu)(bu)主動去(qu)找(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)匯(hui)報，上(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)也不(bu)(bu)來找(zhao)你(ni)詢問工(gong)作(zuo)進(jin)度，其實你(ni)們之間的(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就(jiu)(jiu)出現問題了(le)。你(ni)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)找(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)匯(hui)報，他(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)覺得(de)(de)你(ni)和(he)他(ta)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)同心同德(de)，或(huo)者覺得(de)(de)你(ni)沒有思考，覺得(de)(de)你(ni)沒有努力(li)把心放在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；上(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)找(zhao)下屬(shu)(shu)(shu)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，下屬(shu)(shu)(shu)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)覺得(de)(de)他(ta)這個(ge)崗位不(bu)(bu)重要(yao)，可(ke)有可(ke)無，或(huo)者認為(wei)(wei)他(ta)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)已經做到(dao)很好，這樣下屬(shu)(shu)(shu)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)喪失一些成長的(de)機會(hui)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)司(si)也失去(qu)了(le)取(qu)得(de)(de)更好的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)成果(guo)的(de)機會(hui)。

　　不(bu)會溝通(tong)，就(jiu)是(shi)有這個想法但(dan)沒辦法表達(da)出來，或者雖然表達(da)出來卻讓對方誤(wu)解了，很(hen)難(nan)達(da)成共識，也很(hen)難(nan)達(da)成溝通(tong)的目標。很(hen)多事情(qing)辦不(bu)成，從溝通(tong)的角度來講(jiang)，不(bu)是(shi)溝通(tong)的頻率不(bu)夠，就(jiu)是(shi)溝通(tong)的方法不(bu)對。

　　溝通是沒有止(zhi)境的(de)，你(ni)認(ren)為你(ni)的(de)溝通已經很(hen)好了，但(dan)(dan)是當你(ni)和溝通更好的(de)人相(xiang)比，你(ni)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會發現差距；很(hen)多時候(hou)(hou)，你(ni)會發現，你(ni)和這種(zhong)類型的(de)人溝通沒有問題(ti)，換(huan)一(yi)種(zhong)類型的(de)人你(ni)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會覺(jue)得溝通有問題(ti)了；很(hen)多時候(hou)(hou)，你(ni)在心情愉悅的(de)情況下覺(jue)得溝通很(hen)順暢，但(dan)(dan)在心情煩(fan)躁的(de)時候(hou)(hou)，你(ni)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會發現溝通又有問題(ti)了……所以(yi)，溝通是一(yi)項(xiang)無止(zhi)境的(de)、值得你(ni)終(zhong)身(shen)磨煉的(de)技(ji)能(neng)。

　　溝通是為了(le)設定的(de)目標(biao)，把信息、思(si)想和情感(gan)在個人或群體間傳(chuan)遞并達成共同(tong)協議的(de)過程。如果有人問，管理者最重要的(de)一項技(ji)能是什么(me)？ “溝通！”溝通能力強的(de)管理者將會更(geng)有效地工作(zuo)。以上管理溝通的(de)三要素希望對(dui)我們管理者有所(suo)幫助。